. . . The study provides a comprehensive lifecycle analysis (LCA), or cradle-to-grave (C2G) analysis, of the cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a variety of vehicle-fuel pathways, as well as the levelized cost of driving (LCD) and cost of avoided GHG emissions. The study also estimates the technology readiness levels (TRLs) of key fuel and vehicle technologies along the pathways. The study only addresses possible vehicle-fuel combination pathways—i.e., no scenario analysis.
Co-authors are from Argonne National Laboratory; the US Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies, Fuel Cell Technologies, and Bioenergy Technologies Offices; the National Renewable Energy Laboratory; the Electric Power Research Institute; Fiat Chrysler Automobiles; General Motors; Chevron; and Ford.
The C2G analysis spans a full portfolio of midsize light-duty vehicles (LDVs), including conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs); flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs); hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs); plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); battery electric vehicles (BEVs); and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The selected fuel pathways were constrained to those deemed to be scalable to at least approximately 10% of LDV fleet demand in the future. . . .
