LBA and dash readings for a 2013 LEAF between LBW and Turtle

My Nissan Leaf Forum

Help Support My Nissan Leaf Forum:

This site may earn a commission from merchant affiliate links, including eBay, Amazon, and others.

Boomer23

Well-known member
Joined
May 23, 2010
Messages
3,561
Location
Orange County, CA
I've wanted to fully document the battery readings for my 2013 LEAF between LBW and Turtle ever since I did my previous two Turtle runs.

I'm planning a 120 mile drive (each way) to Ventura and back from Orange County, and I wanted a better guide for the usefulness of the various readouts in my particular car. Some others may find this data useful.

As background, I have a 2013 LEAF SL with a manufacture date of May, 2013. The car was delivered June 15, has been in use for two and a half months, has 2,445 miles on it and has been taken to Turtle two previous times. It is usually charged to 80%, but it is charged to 100% about every 10 days.

In the two previous Turtle runs, I reported that the car behaved as if it has a charge reserve of a few kWh below 10 Gids. In both previous tests, I was able to drive several miles per Gid on the last few Gids before Turtle, with perhaps 7 miles of range possible between 10 Gids and 5 Gids (Turtle). I don't think for a minute that the battery has extra capacity, I just think that more of the charge resides below VLBW and below 10 Gids than on my 2011 LEAF and almost all other LEAFs that I've read about here. The exception is stjohnh, who has documented similar behavior at low SOC in his LEAF of May 2013 manufacture.
http://www.mynissanleaf.com/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=13776" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

Note that some significant differences have been reported between the early 2013 packs and those found in LEAFs that were built in May 2013. The two differences that I know of are lower AH and Health readings from the LBA in the May-build LEAFs and this unexpected Gid reading behavior at low SOC. Could we May 2013 LEAF drivers be experiencing the new "warm battery", as I call it?

I happened to drive my car down to LBW this evening, so I decided to do a Turtle run and to document as much data as I could from the LEAF Battery App (LBA), the original Gidmeter, and the LEAF's dash readings.

In the chart below, I document the data that I recorded.

Method: Car had been driven 72 miles during the day at an efficiency of 4.1 mi/kWh. Pack was warm at 96.6 deg F at beginning of Turtle run. The day was hot for this region, high temp of 90 deg F. Beginning at LBW, 49 Gids, I re-set a trip odometer and one of the mi/kWh efficiency meters. I drove the car in a suburban setting at approx indicated 4.0 mi/kWh with headlights on, in D or B mode, some radio use, until I reached Turtle mode. I recorded data from the LEAF's main dash (odometer, SOC%, GOM), Center dash display (efficiency mi/kWh), Gidmeter (verified Gids at LBW, VLBW, 10 Gids and Turtle), and LEAF Battery Android App (LBA, v0.26c) (Gids, KWh remaining, Wh used, SOC%, Range remaining at 4.1 mi/kWh, Volts and milllivolt differential, Highest pack temperature (F))

Some conclusions:
--Gid readings from the LBA agreed exactly with Gid readings from the Original Gidmeter.
--Range from LBW (49 Gid) to Turtle was 20.2 miles at an indicated efficiency of 4.0 mi/kWh
--Predicted range from LBW from GOM of 17 miles compares fairly well with actual range of 20.2 miles
--The SOC% on the LEAF dash tracked % Gids closely until the dash display went to --- below 6% SOC
--Actual driven Range between 10 Gids and 5 Gids (Turtle) was 5.5 miles, making Gid readings at these low levels misleadingly pessimistic
--Reading the LBA's Remaining kWh display was equally misleading as Gid readings, with 5.5 miles of actual driven range between 0.8 and 0.4 kWh Remaining
--The only display that was a useful and continuous predictor of remaining range at low SOC was the LBA's SOC%, with Turtle occurring at 1.4% SOC.


Data:

Code:
                    ------------------Data from LEAF Battery App--------------
Miles  %SOC Dash  Gids  %Gids   kWh    Wh used   SOC%   Range   Volts/range   mi/kWh   GOM    High pack  Warnings
                              Remain                   Remain                  LCD     mi     Temp (F)
                                                        @ 4.1 
                                                       mi/kWh
0        18        49     17.4    3.9     0     25.4    11.5    3.788 / 14    ---     17      96.6          LBW

2.1      15        42     14.9    3.4    594    22.8    9.2     3.758 / 14    3.5     14      96.2

4.4      13        36     12.8    2.9    1,148   20.3    7.2     3.738 / 12    3.9    12      96.0

6.6      10        30     10.7    2.4    1,730   17.7    5.2     3.725 / 10    3.9     9      96.0

9.2      8         24     8.5     1.9    2,430   14.6    3.3     3.700 / 15    3.9    ---     96.2           VLBW

11.3     7         19     6.8     1.5    2,906    12.4   1.6     3.677 / 20    4.0    ---     96.2

12.5     6         17     6.0     1.4    3,187    11.2   1.0     3.652 / 34    4.0    ---     96.4

13.8    ---       13     4.6     1.0     3,479    9.9    0.0     3.608 / 48    4.1    ---     96.4

14.7    ---       10     3.6      0.8    3,679    9.0    0.0     3.572 / 49    4.1    ---     96.4

15.9    ---        8     2.8     0.6    4,006    7.5    0.0     3.504 / 61     4.1    ---     96.6

16.7    ---        7     2.5     0.6    4,226    6.5    0.0     3.451 / 70     4.1    ---     96.8

17.6    ---        7     2.5     0.6    4,579    5.0    0.0     3.355 / 83     4.1    ---     96.8

18.5    ---        6     2.1     0.5    4,915    3.5    0.0     3.246 / 96     4.0    ---     97.2

20.0    ---        6     2.1     0.5    5,339    1.6    0.0     3.084 / 120    4.0    ---     97.5       

20.2    ---        5     1.8     0.4    5,366    1.4    0.0     3.081 / 120    4.0    ---     97.7         Turtle
 
Thanks, Boomer23! Very interesting data!

It's interesting that at LBW %GIDs matches the 17% number we are used to, but %SOC is over 25%, while the available range left lay almost exactly between the two: 20.2/92.2=22%. Of course, if you subtract off %GIDs and %SOC left at turtle, then the %SOC is pretty close: %GID(LBW-Turtle)=15.6% and %SOC(LBW-Turtle)=24%.
 
Thanks for the info. I was just about to check if kwh left was better than gids at near turtle. I wasn't too hopeful as I vaguely remember that Jim said that kwh left on the LBA was calculated from Gids.

I have 2 "low capacity" 2013 Leafs, both made in May, both with actual range of about 100 mi the way I drive (4.5-4.8 mi/kwh).

For those with only the dashboard info (Like when my wife phones me about low battery warning and "can I make it"), I have found that at LBW, I have 25-28 miles to turtle and when the last fuel bar disappears, I have 7 miles to turtle. (Trip odometer is your friend)

If I am using LBA, I have 7 miles between 8 and 5 Gids. I have checked this twice on my S, and in another thread it was suggested that this non-linear behavior would clear up as the battery management system adjusted, I have confirmed that it is reproducible.
 
Follow-up:

Energy required to re-charge to "full" (100% charge timer set, no end timer, dash SOC reads 100%, 269 Gids) was 24.6 kWh per TED energy monitor on my power panel.

This is identical to the reading I took after my last Turtle run on Aug 17. This is a bit lower than the reading from my first Turtle run on June 20 of 25.3 kWh. If we use an estimate of 85% charging efficiency, we get 20.9 kWh into the pack from the last two Turtle runs, and 21.5 kWh from the first run, when the car was new.

AH and Health readings from the Leaf Battery App were as follows:

Aug 17: 61.8 AH, 95.25 Health
Aug 29: 61.77 AH, 95.46 Health (prior to Turtle run)
Aug 29: 62.13 AH, 95.69 Health (after Turtle run)
Aug 30: 62.13 AH, 95.69 Health (after full charge overnight)

Clearly, these relatively (for a new 2013 LEAF) low capacity and Health readings do not equate to a degraded battery pack.
 
I recently started a recharge from six GIDs, then set the LEAF to ACC mode and launched the battery app.

The kWh, GIDs and LBA SOC% readings from six to eight GIDs are very similar to what you have in your chart.

I remember seeing something like 6 GIDs, 0.5 kWh, 3.8% SOC, then having SOC% jump to 6.3% before GIDs and kWh moved at all. There was another long lag (in terms of perceived time as well as in GIDs and kWh) before getting to 8 GIDs. Approximately 8 GIDs, 0.7kWh, 8.5% SOC.

After this point, GIDs started incrementing much more quickly and I stopped monitoring.

Being new to the LEAF and to the LBA, I didn't know what to make of this. Next time, I will try to record everything, including energy from the L2.

Edit: My LEAF was manufactured June 13, 2013.
 
Boomer23 said:
Note that some significant differences have been reported between the early 2013 packs and those found in LEAFs that were built in May 2013. The two differences that I know of are lower AH and Health readings from the LBA in the May-build LEAFs and this unexpected Gid reading behavior at low SOC. Could we May 2013 LEAF drivers be experiencing the new "warm battery", as I call it

I can't speak for other early 2013 LEAFs, but mine was manufactured in JAN '13 and leased the last day of FEB. I too had lower AH and Health readings. I was recently told that ALL 2013 LEAFs have the tweaked-chemistry pack and Nissan has 'hidden' more capacity than earlier years to help protect it better. So even though I'm at 58AH, 88% Health, and 254 Gids at 100%, I can still easily drive it 100 miles. I remember getting many miles to Turtle from the 'Gids (8 was Turtle with simulated 'Gids) after VLBW.
 
LEAFfan said:
Boomer23 said:
Note that some significant differences have been reported between the early 2013 packs and those found in LEAFs that were built in May 2013. The two differences that I know of are lower AH and Health readings from the LBA in the May-build LEAFs and this unexpected Gid reading behavior at low SOC. Could we May 2013 LEAF drivers be experiencing the new "warm battery", as I call it

I can't speak for other early 2013 LEAFs, but mine was manufactured in JAN '13 and leased the last day of FEB. I too had lower AH and Health readings. I was recently told that ALL 2013 LEAFs have the tweaked-chemistry pack and Nissan has 'hidden' more capacity than earlier years to help protect it better. So even though I'm at 58AH, 88% Health, and 254 Gids at 100%, I can still easily drive it 100 miles. I remember getting many miles to Turtle from the 'Gids (8 was Turtle with simulated 'Gids) after VLBW.

Very good. The more 2013 drivers who can report this kind of data, the easier we'll be able to get a better understanding of these packs.
 
Boomer23 said:
I've wanted to fully document the battery readings for my 2013 LEAF between LBW and Turtle ever since I did my previous two Turtle runs.


Some conclusions:
--Gid readings from the LBA agreed exactly with Gid readings from the Original Gidmeter.
--Range from LBW (49 Gid) to Turtle was 20.2 miles at an indicated efficiency of 4.0 mi/kWh
--Predicted range from LBW from GOM of 17 miles compares fairly well with actual range of 20.2 miles
--The SOC% on the LEAF dash tracked % Gids closely until the dash display went to --- below 6% SOC
--Actual driven Range between 10 Gids and 5 Gids (Turtle) was 5.5 miles, making Gid readings at these low levels misleadingly pessimistic
--Reading the LBA's Remaining kWh display was equally misleading as Gid readings, with 5.5 miles of actual driven range between 0.8 and 0.4 kWh Remaining
--The only display that was a useful and continuous predictor of remaining range at low SOC was the LBA's SOC%, with Turtle occurring at 1.4% SOC.


Data:

Code:
                    ------------------Data from LEAF Battery App--------------
Miles  %SOC Dash  Gids  %Gids   kWh    Wh used   SOC%   Range   Volts/range   mi/kWh   GOM    High pack  Warnings
                              Remain                   Remain                  LCD     mi     Temp (F)
                                                        @ 4.1 
                                                       mi/kWh
0        18        49     17.4    3.9     0     25.4    11.5    3.788 / 14    ---     17      96.6          LBW

2.1      15        42     14.9    3.4    594    22.8    9.2     3.758 / 14    3.5     14      96.2

4.4      13        36     12.8    2.9    1,148   20.3    7.2     3.738 / 12    3.9    12      96.0

6.6      10        30     10.7    2.4    1,730   17.7    5.2     3.725 / 10    3.9     9      96.0

9.2      8         24     8.5     1.9    2,430   14.6    3.3     3.700 / 15    3.9    ---     96.2           VLBW

11.3     7         19     6.8     1.5    2,906    12.4   1.6     3.677 / 20    4.0    ---     96.2

12.5     6         17     6.0     1.4    3,187    11.2   1.0     3.652 / 34    4.0    ---     96.4

13.8    ---       13     4.6     1.0     3,479    9.9    0.0     3.608 / 48    4.1    ---     96.4

14.7    ---       10     3.6      0.8    3,679    9.0    0.0     3.572 / 49    4.1    ---     96.4

15.9    ---        8     2.8     0.6    4,006    7.5    0.0     3.504 / 61     4.1    ---     96.6

16.7    ---        7     2.5     0.6    4,226    6.5    0.0     3.451 / 70     4.1    ---     96.8

17.6    ---        7     2.5     0.6    4,579    5.0    0.0     3.355 / 83     4.1    ---     96.8

18.5    ---        6     2.1     0.5    4,915    3.5    0.0     3.246 / 96     4.0    ---     97.2

20.0    ---        6     2.1     0.5    5,339    1.6    0.0     3.084 / 120    4.0    ---     97.5       

20.2    ---        5     1.8     0.4    5,366    1.4    0.0     3.081 / 120    4.0    ---     97.7         Turtle


Boomer, after an unplanned Turtle a few weeks ago (using a combination of your and my data near turtle, primarily thinking Turtle will occur very close to 1.6% SOC), I am rethinking how to predict when turtle will occur when very close to turtle. Seems as though consensus is that turtle mode is triggered by the voltage of the lowest cell pair. My question is, in your data is the voltage you have recorded the Highest, average, lowest? And if not lowest, do you actually have a number for the minimum voltage cell pair at turtle?

Thanks
 
stjohnh said:
Boomer, after an unplanned Turtle a few weeks ago (using a combination of your and my data near turtle, primarily thinking Turtle will occur very close to 1.6% SOC), I am rethinking how to predict when turtle will occur when very close to turtle. Seems as though consensus is that turtle mode is triggered by the voltage of the lowest cell pair. My question is, in your data is the voltage you have recorded the Highest, average, lowest? And if not lowest, do you actually have a number for the minimum voltage cell pair at turtle?

Thanks

Sorry, I only recorded average Volts and millivolt range.
 
I turtled for the first time last night at 8 Gids, 8% SOC as per LEAF Battery App.

I had been down to six Gids two or three times previously without Turtle, as well as another two or three times at 8-9 Gids.

The fact that it was -1°F with average battery temperature readings of 14°F may have had something to do with it. The turtle occurred just after I had entered a heated garage and was about 20 feet from a charging station, so no harm.

VLBW came at 15.9% SOC. It used to come at 17-17.5% SOC when my AHr was 61.x. AHr is 66.x now.
 
Not to be a Wet Blanket, but are the folks doing these 'Turtle Tests' performing them on owned or leased cars? If the latter, I wouldn't want to be the next person to drive the cars. If the former, then more power (so to speak) to you.
 
Berlino said:
I turtled for the first time last night at 8 Gids, 8% SOC as per LEAF Battery App.

I had been down to six Gids two or three times previously without Turtle, as well as another two or three times at 8-9 Gids.

The fact that it was -1°F with average battery temperature readings of 14°F may have had something to do with it. The turtle occurred just after I had entered a heated garage and was about 20 feet from a charging station, so no harm.

VLBW came at 15.9% SOC. It used to come at 17-17.5% SOC when my AHr was 61.x. AHr is 66.x now.

From data accumulated by me and Boomer23, I think that the best indication that you are near turtle is the minimum cell voltage. I have developed this chart, and it appears significantly more accurate than Gids or SOC at judging distances left near turtle:

Code:
Min volts   distance to turtle
3.58          6 mi
3.43          4
3.34          3
3.23          2
3.14          1
3.10          0.5
3.00          0 (turtle)

This is assuming conservative driving (max 35mph), and voltage readings for 2miles and less taken with car stopped (volts drop as soon as car starts moving). I believe these are accurate for battery temps betwee 50 and 95 F, don't know about colder temps.

For usual distances, I now use SOC (per LeafSpy, not dash)-3= distance to empty (at 4.5 mi/kwh). I find this accurate within 1-2 miles at all SOC down to 9%. Cold battery temps usually give much lower energy efficiencies, so this rule is not too helpful for cold batteries.

BTW, we own both our Leafs, and I believe the worry that many people have about battery damage by discharging the battery to turtle is overblown. The only indication from Nissan about possible damage from a discharged battery is on page 9 of the 2013 warranty booklet that states that batteries left completely or near completely discharged for over 14 days are not covered. Anytime I run the car below VLBW, I do start charging ASAP, but the Nissan warranty doesn't seem to indicate any significant concern about discharge to turtle, as long as the car is not left in the discharged state.
 
LeftieBiker said:
Not to be a Wet Blanket, but are the folks doing these 'Turtle Tests' performing them on owned or leased cars? If the latter, I wouldn't want to be the next person to drive the cars. If the former, then more power (so to speak) to you.

I'm leasing, but I sleep fine at night. IMHO the information about the 2013 cars that we are gathering by these few turtle runs is of more value to the LEAF community than the minimal damage I might be doing to my individual car. And the range seems to be holding up very well, despite my despicable behavior.
 
Boomer23 said:
LeftieBiker said:
Not to be a Wet Blanket, but are the folks doing these 'Turtle Tests' performing them on owned or leased cars? If the latter, I wouldn't want to be the next person to drive the cars. If the former, then more power (so to speak) to you.

I'm leasing, but I sleep fine at night. IMHO the information about the 2013 cars that we are gathering by these few turtle runs is of more value to the LEAF community than the minimal damage I might be doing to my individual car. And the range seems to be holding up very well, despite my despicable behavior.


I think I prefer the 'minimal or no damage' argument, unless you are planning to match the car with a forum member after the lease ends. More likely it will be someone who has never heard of this forum, and just wants a good car. I guess this irks me because I put so much effort into preserving the battery pack...
 
Boomer23 said:
r. And the range seems to be holding up very well, despite my despicable behavior.

We have 2 Leafs. Both about 6 mo old, both turtled 3 times (one was unplanned). Both have capacities measured a little above their new capacities. Both have range 91-92 miles recently at 4.4 mi/kwh, battery temp about 55-65 (100% to turtle) down a little from new, which I think is probably due to lower temps.
 
64Km drive @ 80Km per hour on cruise controll on moderatly flat terrain, tires are factory but inflated to 44psi, temps -20 to -30c (-22f max) using only steering wheel & seat heaters with limmited defrosting.

I start with 97 to 95% SOC and by the time I get to work I can average 25 to 30 SOC. on L1 charging for 9h I can get the pack to 75 SOC (I have to stay at work till I get a minimum of 85soc usualy an hour)

when I get home I am usualy at VLBW and at 6 to 7% SOC

at temps abouve -15c I have no trubles, can make it to work with 40% soc and at home with 19 to 20 soc
and often it will be to 85 to 94% soc on the L1 carge rate during a 9h charge.
 
Back
Top